HACP focuses on the environmental and climates crises in most of our intervention because Climate change directly threatens the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) especially those related to eliminating poverty and hunger. Food security – one of the most critical challenges facing Somalia – is compounded by the effects of climate change on agricultural production and the sustainable management of rangelands and other ecosystems. Climate change also has an impact on health, water availability, terrestrial biodiversity, coastal and marine resources, and the livestock sector. The Somalia National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) identifies three urgent areas of action and proposes adaptation measures. The participatory formulation process was led by the Ministry of National Resources for Federal Somalia with support from the Puntland and Somaliland authorities, the Least Developed Countries Fund, the United Nations Development Programme and stakeholders from Government and civil society. This critical document complies with the obligations set forth by the UNFCCC and is a planning tool for the Government and development partners in Somalia.

Somalia is among the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. Somalia’s arid and semi-arid lands make up more than 80% of the country’s landmass and are characteristically prone to extreme weather conditions including high mean surface temperatures, periods of extended drought, highly erratic rainfall, and strong winds. Droughts occur frequently and are often followed by devastating floods. Recent studies indicate that droughts have intensified in terms of their frequency, severity and geospatial coverage over the last ~50 years. Flooding and drought have been identified as the primary climate threats in Somalia’s Nationally Determined Contribution. Climate impacts multiply existing threats to the attainment of food and water security, productive livelihoods, health and human development capabilities of the people of Somalia. Climate impacts also exacerbate conflicts over natural resources, and contribute to the challenges posed by large numbers of internally displaced persons. A major factor contributing to vulnerability is the political instability and internecine conflict that has vexed Somalia since 1991